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Matthew Grove
2020-11-02 18:52:01 +00:00
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---
title: Svalbard
description: THe northernmost territory in the world
layout: default
icon: ac_unit
---
<div style="text-align: left; max-width: 700px; margin: auto" markdown="1">
# Svalbard, Norway
## Background
* Northernmost territory in the world
* 60% glaciers
* 40% tundra
* 5 main islands (largest is Spitzbergen)
* Population of 2700
* More snowmobiles than people
## Opportunities
* Coal mining
* 300 jobs in coal mines
* Backbone of economy
* Energy devlopment
* Located near Mid-Atlantic Ridge - thin & hot rocks
* Potential for geothermal energy to replace polluting coal power station
* Or replace water in power station with CO<sub>2</sub>
* Fishing
* Barents Sea (South of Svalbard) is one of the richest fishing grounds in the world
* 150 species of fish - conservation is vital
* Tourism
* 70,000 people visited Longyearbyen in 2011
* Port was expanded to cope with tourist numbers
* 300 jobs in tourism
* Northen lights, natural environment and adventures attract tourists
## Challenges
* Extreme temperatures
* Sometimes below -30&deg;C
* But wear warm clothes
* Construction
* Permafrost has to be protected from melting before foundations can be dug
* Difficult to build in the cold and the long dark periods - so most work is done in the summer
* However, road maintenance is relatively easy
* Services
* Pipes and cables must be kept off the ground, to ensure they don't freeze
* Accessibility
* Limited transport
* Islands can only be accessed by plane or ship
* Only 50 km of roads in Longyearbyen
* But there is an international airport
* And snowmobiles can be used to travel around
</div>