Add information about Svalbard

svalbard/index.md

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+---
+title: Svalbard
+description: THe northernmost territory in the world
+layout: default
+icon: ac_unit
+---
+
+<div style="text-align: left; max-width: 700px; margin: auto" markdown="1">
+
+# Svalbard, Norway
+## Background
+* Northernmost territory in the world
+* 60% glaciers
+* 40% tundra
+* 5 main islands (largest is Spitzbergen)
+* Population of 2700
+* More snowmobiles than people
+
+## Opportunities
+* Coal mining
+    * 300 jobs in coal mines
+    * Backbone of economy
+* Energy devlopment
+    * Located near Mid-Atlantic Ridge - thin & hot rocks
+    * Potential for geothermal energy to replace polluting coal power station
+    * Or replace water in power station with CO<sub>2</sub>
+* Fishing
+    * Barents Sea (South of Svalbard) is one of the richest fishing grounds in the world
+    * 150 species of fish - conservation is vital
+* Tourism
+    * 70,000 people visited Longyearbyen in 2011
+    * Port was expanded to cope with tourist numbers
+    * 300 jobs in tourism
+    * Northen lights, natural environment and adventures attract tourists
+
+## Challenges
+* Extreme temperatures
+    * Sometimes below -30&deg;C
+    * But wear warm clothes
+* Construction
+    * Permafrost has to be protected from melting before foundations can be dug
+    * Difficult to build in the cold and the long dark periods - so most work is done in the summer
+    * However, road maintenance is relatively easy
+* Services
+    * Pipes and cables must be kept off the ground, to ensure they don't freeze
+* Accessibility
+    * Limited transport
+    * Islands can only be accessed by plane or ship
+    * Only 50 km of roads in Longyearbyen
+    * But there is an international airport
+    * And snowmobiles can be used to travel around
+
+</div>